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Virgínia

Director:

Ana Sofia Pereira

Producer:

Maria João Mayer/Andreia Martins

Production company:

Maria & Mayer

Production country:

Portugal

Duration in minutes:

100

Contact:

Sinopsys:

“Virgínia” is a cinematic documentary that brings to light the life and work of Virgínia de Castro e Almeida, the first woman to write, produce, and direct a film in Portugal, whose trajectory has gradually faded from collective memory. Through the reconstruction of a fragmented archive, the film reintroduces Virgínia into the present through a reflective, poetic, and performative approach, interweaving past and present to reveal a pioneering figure whose story extends far beyond cinema.

Long Sinopsys

Virgínia is a feature-length documentary that builds presence from absence. At its core stands Virgínia de Castro e Almeida (1874–1945), the first woman in Portugal to write, produce, and very likely direct films. Despite her pioneering role, she emerges as an “uncomfortable” woman whose history was buried beneath family shame, political unease, and cultural oblivion. Between inherited silences, recreated images, and reinvented memories, the film confronts the cost of remembering, embracing absence as both starting point and language.

The narrative unfolds in three acts, each corresponding to a stage in Virgínia’s life and a distinct movement of cinematic investigation, from invisibility to reinvention.

Act I – Virgínia: a woman ahead of her time The film opens inside the empty Tivoli Theatre, in Lisbon. Onscreen, images of the official pioneers of Portuguese cinema flicker past: directors, producers… all men. A figure watches from the shadows. It is Virgínia. Her presence is ghostly, much like her inscription in History.

We ask contemporary Portuguese women filmmakers, the Virgínias of the Present, what they know of national cinema history. Do they know Virgínia? None recognise the name. The surprise is immediate: in the 1920s, a woman was making films in Portugal? This collective unknowing becomes the film’s engine, an investigation crossing past and present, where Virgínia's traces – letters, archives, press clippings, photographs – begin to take shape.

We revisit her formative years: an aristocratic childhood, success as a children’s author, marriage and motherhood. A life shattered by a radical rupture: Portugal’s first civil divorce. Accused of lesbianism, Virgínia loses custody of her daughter, who will die far from her mother.

Act II – Portugal’s first woman filmmaker Her daughter’s early death drives Virgínia from Portugal. Alone in Paris, she reinvents herself as a filmmaker, founding Fortuna Films and becoming the first woman to lead a Portuguese production company. She writes, produces, and by many accounts actively directs her works. Of her two films, A Sereia de Pedra(1922) and Os Olhos da Alma (1923), only the second survives.

Here too emerges the love story between Virgínia and Pamela Boden, illustrator of her books and companion for two decades, a silenced intimacy brought to life through animation inspired by Pamela's drawings.

Act III – The uncomfortable legacy The final act confronts the contradictions of Virgínia’s legacy, a figure uncomfortable even for her own family. The film inhabits these ambiguities rather than resolving them.

In the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, we discover Noblesse – a screenplay signed by Virgínia, never filmed, possibly the first known Portuguese screenplay. In a final act of symbolic resurrection, the Virgínias of the present bring Noblesse to the screen.

Virgínia is a film about memory as political act — and the possibility of creating a living archive from what was denied.

Creative Process

Virgínia is a film about absence: about what was never shot, recorded, or preserved, and about how cinema can still create presence from the void. The project is born from the tension between the desire to film Virgínia’s story and the impossibility of doing so conventionally. The scarcity of moving images, the absence of her voice, and the fragmentation of the archive compel the film to reinvent its own means. But rather than conceal this limitation, the creative process transforms it into a methodology: not to reconstruct the past, but to create a space where it can be reactivated and interrogated. How do we work with the gaps in the archive, rather than against them? How can these silences become cinematic tools, rather than obstacles? These questions drive every creative decision. The gaps are not what the film works around – they are its very fabric.

Virgínia treats memory as poetic matter, weaving together interviews, archive, imagination, performance, and re-enactment. The project rests on a hybrid logic that articulates historical investigation, artistic creation, and contemporary presence. The archive – photographs, letters, texts, documents, and the sole surviving film – is treated as unstable matter, never as sealed evidence. Each fragment functions as a trace, summoning more questions than answers, and assuming its role as a dramaturgical element.

Animation occupies a central place in this process. Inspired by the drawings of Pamela Boden, Virgínia’s life companion, hand-drawn animation gives form to an intimate, affective space that was scarcely documented. Without any pretension of factual explanation or reconstruction, it functions as the film’s emotional extension, making visible the love story, the shared daily life, and Virgínia’s inner world.

Between the hybrid and the lyrical, archival material evokes silent cinema, while the re-enactments – including Virgínia’s ghostly apparitions – are performative and deliberately artificial. They do not represent events; they activate states of absence, waiting, rupture, and resistance, questioning the boundary between memory and fiction in a dialogue between devices inspired by films such as Sarah Polley’s Stories We Tell. The contemporary filmmakers do not appear merely as interviewees, but as active presences: bodies that read, listen, imagine, and respond, mediating Virgínia’s voice through a choral device. Together, they build a living, emotional, performative archive, one that is deliberately incomplete, shaped by absences made visible. In embracing what is missing, the film challenges conventional ideas of the archive, authorship, and truth in cinema.

Visually, the film alternates between the textures of the past and the contemporaneity of the Virgínias of the Present. Family testimonies emerge in a light almost suspended in time, while the present is filmed in a more naturalistic register, reinforcing the idea that history is not settled, but being rewritten now. The sound design is made of silences, breaths, and overlapping voices, where sonic absence is as meaningful as the spoken word. Like memory itself, the narrative is fragmented and emotional.

Virgínia also speaks to a transnational history of women in cinema. Her life unfolded across Portugal, France, and Brazil, and the film seeks to reflect that legacy – resonating across borders through shared silences and shared acts of resistance. Inspired by works such as Merata: How Mum Decolonized the Screen, Women Make Film, and Who is Bárbara Virgínia?, the film stands in a genealogy of projects that reclaim the presence of women in film history. But it is also a film about now – about the forces that continue to shape who is remembered and who is erased.

The film’s culmination – the production of Noblesse, a screenplay written by Virgínia and never filmed – crystallises this method: investigation becomes creation, and artistic gesture becomes symbolic reparation. A century of silence finally finds its form.

Director's note

Virgínia is a film about absence: about what was never shot, recorded, or preserved, and about how cinema can still create presence from the void. The project is born from the tension between the desire to film Virgínia’s story and the impossibility of doing so conventionally. The scarcity of moving images, the absence of her voice, and the fragmentation of the archive compel the film to reinvent its own means. But rather than conceal this limitation, the creative process transforms it into a methodology: not to reconstruct the past, but to create a space where it can be reactivated and interrogated. How do we work with the gaps in the archive, rather than against them? How can these silences become cinematic tools, rather than obstacles? These questions drive every creative decision. The gaps are not what the film works around – they are its very fabric.

Virgínia treats memory as poetic matter, weaving together interviews, archive, imagination, performance, and re-enactment. The project rests on a hybrid logic that articulates historical investigation, artistic creation, and contemporary presence. The archive – photographs, letters, texts, documents, and the sole surviving film – is treated as unstable matter, never as sealed evidence. Each fragment functions as a trace, summoning more questions than answers, and assuming its role as a dramaturgical element.

Animation occupies a central place in this process. Inspired by the drawings of Pamela Boden, Virgínia’s life companion, hand-drawn animation gives form to an intimate, affective space that was scarcely documented. Without any pretension of factual explanation or reconstruction, it functions as the film’s emotional extension, making visible the love story, the shared daily life, and Virgínia’s inner world.

Between the hybrid and the lyrical, archival material evokes silent cinema, while the re-enactments – including Virgínia’s ghostly apparitions – are performative and deliberately artificial. They do not represent events; they activate states of absence, waiting, rupture, and resistance, questioning the boundary between memory and fiction in a dialogue between devices inspired by films such as Sarah Polley’s Stories We Tell. The contemporary filmmakers do not appear merely as interviewees, but as active presences: bodies that read, listen, imagine, and respond, mediating Virgínia’s voice through a choral device. Together, they build a living, emotional, performative archive, one that is deliberately incomplete, shaped by absences made visible. In embracing what is missing, the film challenges conventional ideas of the archive, authorship, and truth in cinema.

Visually, the film alternates between the textures of the past and the contemporaneity of the Virgínias of the Present. Family testimonies emerge in a light almost suspended in time, while the present is filmed in a more naturalistic register, reinforcing the idea that history is not settled, but being rewritten now. The sound design is made of silences, breaths, and overlapping voices, where sonic absence is as meaningful as the spoken word. Like memory itself, the narrative is fragmented and emotional.

Virgínia also speaks to a transnational history of women in cinema. Her life unfolded across Portugal, France, and Brazil, and the film seeks to reflect that legacy – resonating across borders through shared silences and shared acts of resistance. Inspired by works such as Merata: How Mum Decolonized the Screen, Women Make Film, and Who is Bárbara Virgínia?, the film stands in a genealogy of projects that reclaim the presence of women in film history. But it is also a film about now – about the forces that continue to shape who is remembered and who is erased.

The film’s culmination – the production of Noblesse, a screenplay written by Virgínia and never filmed – crystallises this method: investigation becomes creation, and artistic gesture becomes symbolic reparation. A century of silence finally finds its form.

Director

Ana Sofia Pereira

Ana Sofia Pereira is a screenwriter, producer, researcher, script advisor, and now director, with over 15 years of experience in the Portuguese and international film industry. Her work spans fiction, documentary, and television, driven by a strong commitment to storytelling, memory, gender equity in cinema, and the power of narrative to reshape cultural discourse. As co-founder of the production company Cimbalino Filmes, Ana Sofia has written and produced several award-winning films. For example: Mimusaparenta Criatis (2007) won the Curtes Curtas? Film Festival in Bragança and premiered at Black & White; Tokyo Porto 9 Hours (2008) received the Don Quijote Prize from the FICC Jury at Caminhos do Cinema Português and was selected for festivals such as DocLisboa, Bolzano Short Film Festival, and Black & White. Her early work demonstrates a bold engagement with form, aesthetics and narrative experimentation, an approach that continues to mark her evolving creative practice. She also co-wrote and was script supervisor for the acclaimed RTP1 television series 2’ Minutos para Mudar de Vida [2 Minutes to Change Your Life], which received the Ciência Viva Media Award (2020), the Audience Award at the MEDEA Awards (2020), and two Telly Awards (2020). The series was a finalist at the WHO’s Non-Communicable Diseases and Health for All Film Festival, and selected for the 16th edition of Pariscience, one of the world’s leading science film festivals. Her most recent work includes Family Heirloom, a fiction short co-written with João Nuno Brochado (funded by the Government of Macau and now on the festival circuit), and Beloved Amália, a feature documentary co-written with Brazilian director Marcelo Machado, currently in post-production, exploring the life of fado icon Amália Rodrigues and her ties to Brazil. Her feature-length documentary Virgínia – currently in pre-production with Maria & Mayer – explores the forgotten life and groundbreaking work of Virgínia de Castro e Almeida, Portugal’s first woman to write, produce, and (likely) direct films. The project originated during Ana Sofia’s PhD in Communication Sciences at NOVA University Lisbon (PT) and the University of Reading (UK), and was awarded development funding by Portugal’s Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual (ICA) in 2020, followed by production support in 2023. It also won the Final Draft Co-Production Award at the Guiões – Portuguese Language Screenplay Festival in 2022. In parallel, Ana Sofia received ICA development support in 2022 for the television series Rio Grande, co-written with José António Cunha and currently in pre-production, which focuses on migration, memory, and the genetics of return. Most recently, she co-directed Feminismos: A Liberdade de Ser [Feminisms: The Freedom to Be], a documentary tracing the history of feminist movements in Portugal. Premiered in Lisbon and Porto in 2025, the film emerged from her postdoctoral research on the FEMglocal project (CICANT / Lusófona University), further consolidating her intersectional approach to cinema, politics, and memory. Ana Sofia combines her creative work with an academic career, having published and presented widely on gender, screenwriting, and representation in cinema. She is the author, alongside Camila Lamartine, of the Manual de Boas Práticas para o Cinema e Audiovisual em Portugal [Manual of Good Practices for Cinema and Audiovisual in Portugal], commissioned by MUTIM – Mulheres Trabalhadoras das Imagens em Movimento (an association of Women Workers of Moving Images), which aims to combat workplace harassment and promote inclusion in the Portuguese film and audiovisual sectors. She continues to advocate for systemic change in the industry through both her films and her research, working to amplify the voices, legacies, and futures of women in cinema.

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